I just bought a 1980 300d with 200k miles. It looks very well taken care off very clean and even the AC works. The problem is it will only shift the first 3 gears and will not do the last. I've been reading about checking the linkages for the Bowden cable to the transmission and throttle linkage to the injection pump,and vacuum hoses but how exactly do I calibrate or adjust the linkages? They look like they have threads to adjust but where is the right position? How is it adjusted clockwise or counter...Thank you.
Your trans controlled by vacuum only (no bowden cable)
The 1980 and 1981 300D transmissions are quite different. There is no bowden cable or pressure control rod to regulate shifting. It is all controlled by vacuum. If you are not getting enough vacuum to the trans modulator then the transmission may not go into fourth gear. Look for vacuum leaks - make sure the vacuum hoses are connected correctly. My new transmission adjusting manual will be out by the end of the year and will include detailed troubleshooting and adjustment information.